RESUMO
Gray (1970, 1981, 1987) proposed a behavioral motivation theory (Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, RST), which describes the Behavioral Activation/Approach System (BAS) and the Behavioral Inhibition System (BIS). Some studies relate higher activation of BAS to positive affect, whereas BIS activation is linked to negative affect, particularly to high levels of anxiety and depression. Research data suggests that greater Trait Emotional Intelligence (TEI) influences optimal development of well-being and psychological adjustment, such as positive affective states. However, a recent study relates the motivational BIS/BAS systems with TEI, showing that high TEI is characterized by sensitivity to reward (BAS), and low TEI due to activation of the BIS system. The aim of this study was to explore how TEI may mediate the relationship between BIS/BAS sensitivity and positive and negative affect. Four-hundred and sixty-seven undergraduate students (385 females) were evaluated. TEI was evaluated with the Trait Meta-Mood Scale (TMMS). Affective states were measured with the Positive (PA) and Negative Affect (NA) Schedule, and BIS/BAS sensitivity was measured with The Sensitivity to Punishment (SP) and Sensitivity to Reward (SR) Questionnaire. The results reveal the influence of the two motivational systems on affective states, and show how this relationship is modified by and better explained through TEI. That is, a stronger approach to appetitive stimuli produces more positive affect, but a belief that one [does not] understand unpleasant emotions or that one analyzes them, or thinks that one cannot regulate or control emotions will reduce that positive state. Greater activation of inhibitory behaviors will produce greater negative affect, and this will increase when one perceives that one attends excessively to one's feelings or does not understand them or feels incapable of regulating them. Accordingly, although motivators could be a focus of interest for intervention, this study shows that the efficiency and profitability of these practical applications increases by adding TEI.
RESUMO
It is examined if the relationship empirically demonstrated between health and face-to-face social interactions is confirmed when it is virtual. The objective is to know if the perception of psychological well-being and receiving social support would explain the frequency of participation in virtual social networks (VSN). An ex-post-facto design was applied to a sample of 510 university Internet users (age, M = 22.89, SD = 5.67, 78.9% women). The level of psychological well-being (Spanish adaptation of the Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale), social support (Family Social Support and Friends questionnaire - AFA) and the frequency of use of VSN are evaluated. To determine the relationships between the variables, correlation and hierarchical regression analyzes were carried out. The relative contribution of the perception of psychological well-being and of obtaining social support in the frequency of VSN use is confirmed, controlling the influences of age and gender. Specifically, the perception of having less ability to dominate the social environment and to obtain social support for friendships through VSN explains and allows predicting the increase in the frequency of use of such networks.
Se examina si la relación demostrada empíricamente entre salud e interacciones sociales presenciales se confirma cuando ésta es virtual. El objetivo es conocer si la percepción de bienestar psicológico y de recibir apoyo social explicaría la frecuencia de participación en redes sociales virtuales (RSV). Se aplica un diseño ex-post-facto sobre una muestra de 510 internautas universitarios (edad; M =22,89; DT= 5,67; 78,9% mujeres). Se evalúa el nivel de bienestar psicológico (adaptación española de la Escala de Bienestar Psicológico de Ryff), de apoyo social (cuestionario Apoyo Social Familiar y Amigos - AFA) y la frecuencia de uso de las RSV. Para determinar las relaciones entre las variables se realizaron análisis de correlación y de regresión jerárquica Se confirma la contribución relativa de la percepción de bienestar psicológico y de obtención de apoyo social en la frecuencia de uso de RSV, controlando las influencias de la edad y el género. Concretamente, la percepción de poseer menor capacidad de dominar el ambiente social y la de obtener apoyo social por las amistades a través de las RSV, explica y permite predecir el incremento en la frecuencia de uso de dichas redes.
Assuntos
Apoio Social , ComunicaçãoRESUMO
El abuso sexual infantil sigue siendo uno de los problemas de salud pública que suscita gran interés en el ámbito científico. Los psicólogos que trabajan en la evaluación psicosocial deben conocer los factores de riesgo y protección que aumentan o compensan la probabilidad de ocurrencia, así como los indicadores físicos, psicológicos, conductuales, sexuales, emocionales y sociales que provocan. Asimismo, es importante que los profesionales cuenten con formación especializada y habilidades personales para establecer un buen clima con los menores. En la evaluación psicosocial del abuso sexual infantil se utilizan distintas técnicas y procedimientos de evaluación. Entre ellos, destaca la entrevista con el menor, a través de la cual se intenta obtener un relato que pueda ser analizado mediante protocolos y técnicas rigurosas para valorar la credibilidad del testimonio, como el Análisis del Contenido Basado en Criterios (CBCA). Se realizan también entrevistas a los cuidadores principales del menor, con el fin de obtener información que pueda reforzar y contrastar la aportada por el niño o niña. Por otro lado, y tratando de evitar que los menores tengan que pasar por procesos judiciales, cada vez se utilizan más las pruebas preconstituidas, consistentes en la declaración del menor ante un experto en un lugar adaptado para evitar el sufrimiento emocional
Child sexual abuse continues to be one of the public health problems with high scientific interest. Psychologists working in psychosocial assessment should be aware of the risk and protection factors that increase or compensate for the probability of occurrence, as well as the physical, psychological, behavioural, sexual, emotional and social indicators that they cause. Likewise, it is important that professionals have specialised training and personal skills to establish a healthy climate with children. Different techniques and assessment procedures are used in the psychosocial assessment of child sexual abuse. Among them, the interview with the child stands out, through which trying to get a narrative that can be analyzed through rigorous protocols and techniques to assess the credibility of the testimony, such as Criteria-Based Content Analysis (CBCA). Interviews are also conducted with the childs primary caregivers, in order to obtain information that can reinforce and contrast the contribution of the child. On the other hand, and trying to prevent children having to go through legal proceedings, more and more are used pre-constituted tests, consisting of the declaration of the child before an expert in a place adapted to avoid emotional suffering
